in my tutoring.
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The primary manual that I use is The Writing Road to Reading by Romalda Spalding. Learn
about Spalding International and the Spalding Method by visiting the website.
Mrs. Spalding's mentor and the originator of the "phonogram" is Dr. Samuel T. Orton. Learn
more about the method he and Anna Gillingham originated here.
The most extensive research that has been carried out, continuing the work of Orton,
Gillingham, and Spalding for the last three decades has been performed and/or gathered by
the Riggs Institute.
Lindamood-Bell is a different approach that has seen much success. The company has
learning centers around the country and they also offer training in their method. The
approach is concerned with phonemic awareness, phonology, and the production of sounds
at one level, and visual imaging at another. The connection to the physical production of
speech sounds is one of the unique features of this method and makes it most useful for
students with delayed speech or articulation difficulties. Though Spalding does offer much
help in this area as well.
The Montessori Method of education includes sensory, motor, and language lessons and
materials. The content of Montessori reading and spelling instruction is phonics; the
materials are multi-sensory; and the sequence of spelling before reading correlates to the
Spalding Method.
The best example of the linguistic approach can be found in Alphaphonics by Samuel
Blumenfeld. Though the reading lists in this primer are grouped by rhyming family, the
rhymes are not taught as "phonograms." Phonograms represent irreducible speech sounds,
word endings such as "at," "ill," "uck," are sometimes incorrectly referred to as
"phonograms" in modern reading instruction.
The links below will offer more information about reading difficulties and the Orton-Gillingham
approach. Most remedial reading instruction programs are based on this validated method.
Orton-Gillingham Approach
Definition of Dyslexia
International Dyslexia Association
Some of the companies who have produced
reading instructional materials based on
the Orton-Gillingham method:
Read America! (Phonographix, Reading Reflex)
Institute for Multisensory Education
The Sonday System
Language Tune-up Kit
Phonics First
Remediation Plus
Barton Reading and Spelling System
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